Simply speaking, we should emphasize on two notions to
speak English fluently. They are language forms or exponents and language functions.
Language forms are the structures that serve the various language functions.
Likewise, Language
function refers to what the speaker uses to fulfill his or her communicative
needs. Language functions are used to fulfill a certain purpose. For example,
'Good morning' is a language form to serve the language function 'Greeting'. We
can speak English fluently by adopting the following structures to serve the
various language functions:
S.N.
|
Language
Functions
|
Exponents
|
1.
|
Greeting
|
Hi
Hey
Hello
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
How are you?
|
2.
|
Taking Leave
|
Goodbye
Bye
See you again
Cheerio!
Good night
See you soon
|
3.
|
Welcoming
|
Welcome
Welcome back
Welcome to Canada
I’d like to welcome you
Let me
welcome you.
|
4.
|
Addressing
|
Dear sir/madam,
Mr. Sharma,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Your honor,
your excellency,
Darling,
My dear
|
5.
|
Announcing
|
Attention, please,
May I have your attention, please?
Please, give me your attention
I have an announcement to have.
|
6.
|
Introducing
|
Hi! It’s me Joan from UK.
Excuse me, I’m Ryan,
This is Santosh Harry., Tom meet Jennifer.
|
7.
|
Congratulating
|
Congratulations,
Let me congratulate you,
I’d like to congratulate you on your success,
Well done,
I must congratulate you.
|
8.
|
Expressing good wishes
|
Good luck.
All the best.
Have a great day ahead.
Have a wonderful anniversary.
Happy birthday to you.
|
9.
|
Thanking
|
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Great. Cheers.
How can I ever thank you?
|
10.
|
Apologizing
|
Sorry.
I’m really sorry.
I beg your pardon.
I apologize for saying that…
Please accept my apologies.
|
11.
|
Expressing Compliments
|
Wow! What a building!
Your brother is really nice.
I adore it.
|
12.
|
Expressing Condolence.
|
I’m sorry.
I’m sorry to hear about your father.
Let me offer my condolences.
I know how you must feel.
|
Conclusion
Though several language functions
can be observed in various literature. The important ones are the above-mentioned
ones. If we practice such exponents that serve various language functions, we
can speak English fluently and easily.
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